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Bouyraaman, Yassin: Market-oriented energy supply for offshore wind farms and energy storage on methane basis. 2015
Inhalt
Acknowledgments
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Main research task
1.3 Structure of the thesis
2 German energy market with focus on wind energy
2.1 Wind energy in Germany
2.1.1 Share of wind energy in the German electricity mix
2.1.2 Offshore wind energy in Germany
2.1.3 Network stability and grid integration of offshore wind energy
2.2 Marketing possibilities of offshore wind energy
2.2.1 Current remuneration models
2.2.2 Alternative marketing possibilities
2.2.3 Co-action of all market players
2.3 Long term energy storage in the future power network
2.3.1 Importance of long term energy storage for security of the network operation
2.3.2 Contemporary long term storage technologies
2.3.3 Methane as an energy storage technology
2.4 Current state of Power-to-Gas technology
3 Power-to-Gas as energy storage technology
3.1 Power-to-Gas Concept
3.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) sources
3.2.1 Biogenic CO2
3.2.2 CO2 extraction from the atmosphere
3.2.3 CO2 as a waste product from industrial processes
3.2.4 CO2 as a waste product from the combustion of fossil fuels
3.2.5 CO2 from recycling processes of power plants
3.3 Gas power plants
3.3.1 Open-cycle power plants
3.3.2 Combined-cycle power plants
3.4 Contribution of Power-to-Gas in the control energy market
3.4.1 Balancing power
3.4.2 Balancing in the gas sector from P2G perspective
3.5 Statistical information about the participation of P2G in the control energy market
4 Concept of a virtual power plant
4.1 Concepts for the participation in the free energy market
4.1.1 Stand-alone concept
4.1.2 Stand-alone concept with access to the gas network
4.1.3 Concept for storage of methane directly in the gas network
4.2 Concepts for the participation in the control energy market
4.3 Summary of the concept
5 Simulation of the virtual power plant to participate in the free energy market
5.1 Determination of storage unit parameters for the simulation
5.1.1 Analysis of the Data set
5.1.2 Dimensioning of the storage unit
5.1.3 Evaluation of the control energy saving factor and the energy loss factor
5.2 Simulation without Intra-Day adjustment
5.3 Simulation with Intra-Day adjustment
5.3.1 Forecast side correction
5.3.2 Storage side correction
5.4 Reflection of the simulation results
5.4.1 Selection of smaller power values of the storage unit
5.4.2 Selection of a smaller storage capacity for the storage unit
6 Simulation of the virtual power plant to participate in the control energy market
6.1 Provision of control power
6.2 Supply of control power
7 Analysis of market-oriented scenarios
7.1 Base scenario
7.2 Market-oriented scenarios based on EEX Trading and control energy market
7.2.1 Scenario 1: EEX Trading
7.2.2 Scenario 2: EEX Trading and Secondary Control Reserve
7.2.3 Scenario 3: EEX Trading and Minute Reserve
7.2.4 Scenario 4: EEX Trading combined with provision of Secondary Control Reserve and Minute Reserve
7.2.5 Summary of all EEX based scenarios
7.3 Market-oriented scenarios only based on control energy market
7.3.1 Scenario 5: Secondary Control Reserve
7.3.2 Scenario 6: Minute Reserve
7.3.3 Scenario 7: Secondary Control Reserve and Minute Reserve
7.3.4 Summary of scenarios based on Secondary Control Reserve and Minute Reserve without EEX Trading
8 Conclusion
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
List of Tables
List of Figures
Bibliography
List of Publications
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