Content

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   Motivation and Overview
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   State of the Art
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   On the Benefits of Formal Semantics
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   Objective of this Thesis
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   Structure of this Thesis
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  Semantics Description Techniques for Visual Modeling Languages
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   Concepts of Languages and their Definition
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   Concrete Syntax
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   Abstract Syntax
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   Semantics
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  Visual Modeling Languages and their Definition
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   Overview of Visual Modeling Languages
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   Characteristics of Visual Modeling Languages
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   Definition of the UML's Syntax by Meta Modeling
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   Requirements for a Technique for Semantics Definitions
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  Survey of Semantic Description Techniques for VMLs
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   Overview of Specific Formalizations
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   Denotational or Compilation Semantics Descriptions
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   Operational or Interpretation Semantics Descriptions
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   Hybrid Semantics Descriptions
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   Conclusions from the Survey
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   Concept of the Dynamic Meta Modeling Approach
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   Meta Relations
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  On the Need for Meta Relations
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   Requirements for Mappings
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   Existing Approaches
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   Concept of Meta Relations
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   Concrete Syntax for Meta Relations
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   Concrete Syntax of Relations Instances
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   Abstract Syntax for Meta Relations
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   Semantics of Meta Relations
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   Semantic Domain
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   Semantic mapping of Meta Relations
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   Summary and Discussion
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   Graph Transformations
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   Graphs
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   Typed Graphs
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   Inheritance in Typed Graphs
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   Attributes
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   Graphs in Dynamic Meta Modeling
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  Graph Transformation Rules
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   Basic Terminology
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   Double Pushout vs. Single Pushout
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   Rules
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   Rule Application under SPO
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   Negative Application Conditions
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   Application and Consistency Conditions
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   Universal Quantification
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   Graph Transformation in DMM
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   Rules in DMM
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   Negative Application Conditions in DMM
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   Universal Quantification in DMM
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   Controlling Graph Transformations
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   Priorities and Layers
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   Triggers and Invocations
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   Transformation Units
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   Programmed Graph Transformations
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   Control in DMM---The Mechanism of Rule Invocation
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   Rule Invocation
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   Applying Invocations
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   The Signature of a Rule
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   Invocation Fulfillment
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   Small-Step and Big-Step Rules
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   Premise Rules
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   Formalization of DMM Systems
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   Discussion
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   The Architecture of Dynamic Meta Modeling
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   Expressing Static Semantics in DMM
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   Summary
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   Expressing Dynamic Semantics in DMM
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   Model Semantics in DMM
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  Modularity and Extensibility
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   Motivation for Modularization
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   Related Work
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   Modularity Concepts of DMM
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   Discussion of the Modularization Concepts of DMM
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   Summary and Discussion
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   Understandability
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   Precision and Formality
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   Analyzability
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   Adequacy
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   Universality
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   Case Study: Formalizing UML Activity Diagrams
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   Eliciting the Semantics of UML Activity Diagrams
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   Deficiencies in the Definition of Activity Diagrams
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   Token Flow in Activities
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   Summary of Our Understanding of Activity Diagrams
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  Excerpts from the DMM Specification of Activity Diagrams
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   Package Structure of the Semantic Domain Meta Model for Activity Diagrams
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   Class Structure of the Core Activities Package
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   DMM Rules for Tokens and Offers
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  Discussion of the DMM Specification of Activity Diagrams
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   Understandability
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   Modularity and Extensibility
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   Degree of Concurrency
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   Adequacy - Limits and Semantic Shortcuts
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   Pragmatic Guidelines for Formulating DMM Specifications
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   Qualities of DMM Specifications and Heuristics for their Achievement
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   Correctness of DMM Specifications
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   Understandability of DMM Specifications
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   Modularity of DMM Specifications
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   Efficiency
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  Guidelines for Formulating the SD Meta Model and Relations
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   Conception of Extensional Entities
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   The Replication of Intensional Elements and their Modification
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   Introduction of Auxiliary Elements and Structures
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   Relation of Syntactic and Semantic Domain
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   The Definition of Packages
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   Discussion
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  Guidelines for Formulating DMM Rule Sets
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   Partitioning of Behavior into Big-Step Rules
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   Distribution of Behavior by Using Small-Step and Premise Rules
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   Formulating a single rule
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   Alignment of Rules and Packages
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   Summary and Discussion
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   Automatically Applying DMM Specifications
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   Model Checking approaches for Graph Transformation Systems
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   Introduction to the GROOVE Tool Set
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   GROOVE Editor
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   GROOVE Imager
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   GROOVE Generator
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   GROOVE Simulator
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   Graph Transformations in GROOVE
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  Translation of DMM Specifications into GROOVE Specifications
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   Translation of Graphs
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   Encoding of Rules
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   Encoding of Application Control
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   Combination of Translation Concepts
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   Interpreting Activity Diagrams with GROOVE
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   Validating the Activity Diagrams Specification
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   Results of the Test runs
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  Discussion of the GROOVE Prototype
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   From the GROOVE Prototype to a Dedicated DMM Interpreter
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   On the Impact of the DMM Interpreter Prototype on DMM
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  Summary and Conclusions
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   Summary of the Contributions of this Thesis
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   Overview of Publications on DMM
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   Discussion of DMM
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   Closure
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  Overview of Activity Diagrams
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   History of Activity Diagrams
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   The Role of Activity Diagrams in UML 2.0
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   Activity Diagram Elements
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   Advanced Activity Diagram Elements
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  The DMM Specification of UML Activity Diagrams
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   Overview of the SD Meta Model for Activity Diagrams
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  Package Ordering
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   Class Root
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   Class OrderableElement
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   Mappings
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  Package Core Structure
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   Class Class
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   Class Object
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   Mappings
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  Package Core Behavior
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   Class Behavior
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   Class BehaviorExecution
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   Class Parameter
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   Class Slot
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   Mappings
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  Package Core Activities
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   Class Activity
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   Class ActivityElement
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   Class ActivityExecution
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   Class Token
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   Class ControlToken
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   Class ObjectToken
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   Class Offer
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   Class Node
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   Class Edge
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   Class ValueSpecification
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   Mappings
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   Package Buffernodes
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   Class Buffernode
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   Class InitialNode
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   Class ParameterNode
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   Class CentralBufferNode
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   Class FlowFinalNode
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   Class ActivityFinalNode
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   Mappings
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   Package Controlnodes
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   Class DecisionNode
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   Class MergeNode
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   Class ForkNode
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   Class JoinNode
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   Mappings
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   Package Core Actions
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   Class Action
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   Class ActionExecution
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   Class InputPin
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   Class OutputPin
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   Mappings
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  Package Actions
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   Class CallBehaviorAction
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   CallBehaviorActionExecution
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   Mappings
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   Package Dummy Actions
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   DummyAction
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   DummyActionExecution
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   Bibliography
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   Index