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On the origin of visual temporal-order perception by means of attentional selection / by Jan Tünnermann. Advised by Prof. Dr. Ingrid Scharlau. Paderborn, 2016
Inhalt
Contents
Synopsis
1 Introduction
1.1 Temporal Order: Physical, Psychological, Philosophical?
1.2 Temporal-Order Perception: A Result of Attentional Selection?
1.3 Prior Entry and Unasked Questions
1.3.1 Visual Prior Entry
1.3.2 TOJ Relativity
1.3.3 Questions to be Answered
1.4 Structure of This Thesis
2 Attention And Temporal-order Perception
2.1 The Locus of Attentional Selection
2.2 Selective Attention
2.2.1 Auditory Selective Attention
2.2.2 Visual Selective Attention
2.3 Visual Attention Resources and Limited Memory Systems
2.3.1 Memory Structures
2.3.2 Attentional Limitations in Memory Storage
2.4 Manipulating Visual Attention: Cueing
2.4.1 Cueing Locations
2.4.2 Costs and Benefits
2.4.3 Symbolic and Peripheral Cues
2.4.4 The Time Course of Cueing Effectiveness
2.5 Attention in Controlled Parallel Processing
2.6 Attention and the Perception of Time
3 TVA – A Mathematical Model of Visual Attention
3.0.1 Racing for VSTM Entry – Mathematics of Biased Competition
3.0.2 Typical Applications of TVA
3.0.3 A Neural Interpretation of TVA
3.0.4 Locking Resources – What Happens After the Race Toward VSTM
3.0.5 TVA as a Starting Point for Analyzing TOJs
4 Modeling Attention in Temporal-Order Judgments
4.1 The Temporal-Order Judgment Paradigm
4.2 Traditional Psychometric Modeling of TOJ data
4.2.1 Fitting TOJ Data with Arbitrary Psychometric Functions
4.2.2 Mechanistic Attention Models to Explain Prior Entry
4.3 A General Model for TOJs: Progressing in Independent Channels
4.3.1 The Independent Channels Model
4.4 The Temporal Profile Model
4.4.1 Comparing Temporal Response Functions
4.4.2 A Candidate for a Model-Based TOJ Analysis?
4.5 Model-Based Assessment of Attention-Influenced Temporal Order Perception
4.5.1 Schneider & Bavelier's Model with Normally Distributed Arrival Times
4.5.2 García-Pérez and Alcalá-Quintana's Model with Exponentially Distributed Arrival Times
4.6 The Proposed TVA-Based Model of Temporal Order Perception
4.6.1 A TVA-Based TOJ Model
4.6.2 A Box of Bricks for TVA-Based Psychometric Functions for TOJ Models
4.6.3 Realizations of the TVA-Based TOJ Model
5 Experiments
5.1 Does Attention Speed Up Processing? (Manuscript A)
5.1.1 Introduction and Rationale
5.1.2 Experiment 1
5.1.3 Experiment 2
5.1.4 Discussion
5.1.5 Conclusion
5.2 Attention and Visual Processing Speed (Manuscript B)
5.2.1 Introduction and Rationale
5.2.2 Experiment 3
5.2.3 Experiment 4
5.2.4 Experiment 5
5.2.5 Discussion
5.2.6 Conclusion
5.3 Peripheral Visual Cues: Fate and Effects (Manuscript C)
5.3.1 Introduction and Rationale
5.3.2 Experiment 6
5.3.3 Experiment 7
5.3.4 Discussion
5.3.5 Conclusion
5.4 Resetting the Race (Unpublished Experiments)
5.4.1 Introduction and Rationale
5.4.2 Experiment 8
5.4.3 Experiment 9
5.4.4 Discussion
5.4.5 Conclusion
6 General Discussion and Conclusion
6.1 Summary
6.1.1 New Answers for Old Questions
6.1.2 A New Model for New Answers
6.2 Revisiting Central Assumptions
6.2.1 The ``VSTM Comparator'' Assumption
6.2.2 The ``Time Attribute'' Decision Mechanism Alternative
6.2.3 Stimulus Encoding: Exponential Race vs. Drift Diffusion
6.3 TVA in Sequential Displays: The Dynamics of Resource Distribution
6.3.1 In-Advance Weight Estimation
6.3.2 Assessing the Dynamics of Resource Distribution
6.4 Applications of TOJs to Estimate TVA Parameters
6.4.1 TVA Parameters for Almost Arbitrary Stimuli
6.4.2 TVA-Based TOJ Analysis in Animal Perception Studies
6.4.3 TOJs in Dynamic Environments
6.5 Conclusion
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acronyms
Appendix to the Synopsis
A Converting arrival latencies to TVA rates
B Large Tables
C Zusammenfassung auf deutsch (German Summary)
Bibliography
Original Manuscripts
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